In the example in part 4, doesn't this:

    char *p;     /* 8 bytes */
    long x;      /* 8 bytes */
    char c;      /* 1 byte  */

Just end up being this, to align whatever comes after it in memory?

    char *p;     /* 8 bytes */
    long x;      /* 8 bytes */
    char c;      /* 1 byte  */
    char pad[7]; /* 7 bytes */