I don't really know about VirtualBox Command Line, but from a simple URL Vagrant creates a VirtualBox instance, then after simple configurations (e.g., copying a private key), can transfer the control to a provisioning script (e.g, Ansible). You have all your server configuration in an version controlled text file, runnable with a simple command, allowing you to freely tweak your server.
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I don't really know about VirtualBox Command Line, but from a simple URL Vagrant creates a VirtualBox instance, then after simple configurations (e.g., copying a private key), can transfer the control to a provisioning script (e.g, Ansible). You have all your server configuration in an version controlled text file, runnable with a simple command, allowing you to freely tweak your server.