As you said in parenthesis, this really depends on the type of job. What autonomy and ownership will you give in jobs which dont require much thinking and are mostly monotonous? In such jobs, either of those things can work depending on the nature of average employee of the company.
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Neither. What's even better (at least for creative workers like programmers and designers) is autonomy and ownership.
It has been a while - like 20 years - since I studied this, but I believe Denning concluded the same thing even for factory line workers.
Its W. Edwards Deming.
As you said in parenthesis, this really depends on the type of job. What autonomy and ownership will you give in jobs which dont require much thinking and are mostly monotonous? In such jobs, either of those things can work depending on the nature of average employee of the company.