Here is a great place to start: https://www.google.com/search?q=jpeg+decoder+exploit&oq=jpeg...

Note there have been various fixes, and you can often tell when you see one because you get a 'broken image' icon rather than a picture and an new friend. The compressed Javascript exploits were primarily tied to pdfs apparently (you can search for 'compressed js exploit') and then look for "gif decoder exploit" and of course the whole cross site scripting thing which when you're building a web site to compromise people its not a 'bug' that it has a cross site exploit vulnerability per se :-)

Basically anything that 'decompresses' is effectively a data driven computation engine where the bad guys can feed an arbitrary stream of data into that engine to make it do unexpected things. Whether it was the font exploits in Stuxnet and elsewhere or pdf exploits or jpeg exploits. Sadly it has been a target rich environment in the past.