I cannot imagine the answer is strictly just one of those two. Young men in particular who have no prospects can and nothing to domesticate them (parents, jobs, relationship prospects) can especially be a lot of trouble.
That said, I'm not particularly convinced that gangs and warlords would suppress employment (if anything, the more organized criminals tend to run protection rackets which sort of require people to have some income they can steal) however they are most certainly reducing the quality of life for people.
Unemployment causing gangs at least feels more plausible, however you seem to have plenty of areas with gang activity that have plenty of employment opportunities as well as social programs. Selling drugs almost certainly makes more money, but comes with much, much higher risks. I might guess that this is more about social mobility than it is about survival, but I don't want to try to over-simplify a complex issue.
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I cannot imagine the answer is strictly just one of those two. Young men in particular who have no prospects can and nothing to domesticate them (parents, jobs, relationship prospects) can especially be a lot of trouble.
That said, I'm not particularly convinced that gangs and warlords would suppress employment (if anything, the more organized criminals tend to run protection rackets which sort of require people to have some income they can steal) however they are most certainly reducing the quality of life for people.
Unemployment causing gangs at least feels more plausible, however you seem to have plenty of areas with gang activity that have plenty of employment opportunities as well as social programs. Selling drugs almost certainly makes more money, but comes with much, much higher risks. I might guess that this is more about social mobility than it is about survival, but I don't want to try to over-simplify a complex issue.