As with most standards, there are three almost overlapping standards for image metadata. EXIF, IPTC and XMP. IPTC incidentally is hot again because certain generative AI providers add IPTC metadata[1] to the images they generate. Incidentally, OpenAI uses another standard for the same purpose, C2PA[2].
All of these, the author mentions. Now for SynthID[3], which both OpenAI and Google embed in the pixels of the images they generate. Needless to say, in mutually incompatible ways.
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As with most standards, there are three almost overlapping standards for image metadata. EXIF, IPTC and XMP. IPTC incidentally is hot again because certain generative AI providers add IPTC metadata[1] to the images they generate. Incidentally, OpenAI uses another standard for the same purpose, C2PA[2].
All of these, the author mentions. Now for SynthID[3], which both OpenAI and Google embed in the pixels of the images they generate. Needless to say, in mutually incompatible ways.
[1]: https://iptc.org/news/draft-for-public-comment-new-photo-met...
[2]: https://c2pa.org/
[3]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09263
I suppose watermarks are metadata. Never considered it that way.