I looked into this a bit since posting and it’s not such a simple answer.

From the research I browsed, a few things seem to be true: speakers tend to choose words that resemble cognates in their native language; Germanic speakers seem to prefer Germanic words; the educational method and exposure to English has an effect, in the sense that Northern Europeans often have more informal exposure (and thus Germanic preference) whereas Southern Europeans have more exposure to English in an academic, Latin-preferred context.