“Could there be some indirect way to model or orient the induction process, as we do deductions?”

I wonder if Putnam was aware of his contemporary Kolmogorov's work and the measure of descriptive complexity that Kolmogorov, Chaitin, and Solomonoff independently developed, and its application to formalizing inductive reasoning and learning. I guess that he had not, else he would be commenting profusely on that formalization. Solomonoff published "A Formal Theory of Inductive Inference" at 1964.

Also, not to be confused with Hilary Putnam, who also contributed to the philosophy of mind.