The organ is, together with the clock, the most complex of all mechanical instruments developed before the Industrial Revolution
Or to put it more strongly: the most complex machines on the planet for roughly 2000 years. The starting point usually acknowledged is Ctesibius's hydraulis, an organ with a simple automatic pump (no calcant or animal labour required) and pressure regulation. That was about 250BC. They were still producing innovations well after the industrial revolution, e.g. pneumatic relays.
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Or to put it more strongly: the most complex machines on the planet for roughly 2000 years. The starting point usually acknowledged is Ctesibius's hydraulis, an organ with a simple automatic pump (no calcant or animal labour required) and pressure regulation. That was about 250BC. They were still producing innovations well after the industrial revolution, e.g. pneumatic relays.