I don't think that there will necessarily be an arms race. Some security problems are deterministically solvable and don't need AI.
For instance, there is a very good classical algorithm for preventing password brute-forcing - exponential backoff on failure per IP address, maybe with some additional per-account backoff as well. Combined with sane password rules (e.g. correct horse battery staple, not "you must have one character from every language in Madagascar), make password brute-forcing infeasible, and force attackers to try other approaches - which in the security world counts as success. No AI needed.
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I don't think that there will necessarily be an arms race. Some security problems are deterministically solvable and don't need AI.
For instance, there is a very good classical algorithm for preventing password brute-forcing - exponential backoff on failure per IP address, maybe with some additional per-account backoff as well. Combined with sane password rules (e.g. correct horse battery staple, not "you must have one character from every language in Madagascar), make password brute-forcing infeasible, and force attackers to try other approaches - which in the security world counts as success. No AI needed.