there are known physical phenomena, such as quantum entanglement
QC researcher here, strictly speaking, this is false. Clifford circuits can be efficiently simulated classically and they exhibit entanglement. The bottom line is we're not entirely sure where the (purported) quantum speedups come from. It might have something to do with entanglement, but it's not enough by itself.
Re: about mermin's device, im not sure why you think it can not be simulated classically when all of the dynamics involved can be explained by 4x4 complex matrices.
Could you accurately simulate the device on a computer precisely following the rules of the challenge? So that means the devices are isolated and therefore no global state is allowed. The devices are not aware of each others state nor results. You are only allowed to use local state to simulate the entangled particle. You can use whatever local hidden variables you want as long as it doesn't break the global state rule.
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QC researcher here, strictly speaking, this is false. Clifford circuits can be efficiently simulated classically and they exhibit entanglement. The bottom line is we're not entirely sure where the (purported) quantum speedups come from. It might have something to do with entanglement, but it's not enough by itself.
Re: about mermin's device, im not sure why you think it can not be simulated classically when all of the dynamics involved can be explained by 4x4 complex matrices.
Could you accurately simulate the device on a computer precisely following the rules of the challenge? So that means the devices are isolated and therefore no global state is allowed. The devices are not aware of each others state nor results. You are only allowed to use local state to simulate the entangled particle. You can use whatever local hidden variables you want as long as it doesn't break the global state rule.