To quote the article:

Inspired by some similar images shared by Tim Wallace in 2020, we’ve created a series of black-and-white composite renderings of some of the points of flux in the global energy system. Created in Google Earth Engine, these pictures are effectively annual timelapse images based on Sentinel-1’s radar, consisting of multiple snapshots taken by the satellite across 2023.

Not sure if the wind farm images are also composites (wouldn't make a lot of sense), but those of shipping lanes definitely are...