Meh! From the article "In macOS, all applications require user consent before accessing sensitive data"." Well and once given have access to all "Files and folders Note: Includes: Desktop, Documents, Downloads, network volumes, and removable volumes", absolutely in a same way as in Linux.
Additionally when installing packets in Linux I would say you give permissions by answering 'yes' to apt/dnf. Such small nuances between MacOS and Linux are not important. Additionally author ignores the fact SELinux may provide protection from accessing random files by random app.
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Meh! From the article "In macOS, all applications require user consent before accessing sensitive data"." Well and once given have access to all "Files and folders Note: Includes: Desktop, Documents, Downloads, network volumes, and removable volumes", absolutely in a same way as in Linux. Additionally when installing packets in Linux I would say you give permissions by answering 'yes' to apt/dnf. Such small nuances between MacOS and Linux are not important. Additionally author ignores the fact SELinux may provide protection from accessing random files by random app.
Sandboxed macOS apps have a much finer access control. Only non-sandboxed apps ask for access to such a large part of the disk.
What application(s) do you have in mind? VS code or Chrome on macOS and Linux have the same level of access.