Yes, I remember reading that benefits of cardio go away a few hours, while one's body continues to benefit from weightlifting through to the next day or two, both in building muscle and burning calories. Likewise, this is easily noticeable.

You also touched upon another benefit--that lifting weights makes one's brain and body feel good. In addition, anecdotally, the more muscle one has, the warmer the muscle will be during weight training as many muscles work together, and certain routines will start feeling like one is getting a massage in the shoulders, back, legs, and chest.