Let's imagine you're building a company that intends to compete with FAANG. Your company will be expected to have most of these
Not really - you'll need most of them if you want to imitate the big tech companies but you can compete in only 1 category, or in a small number of categories. You don't need all of them.
Also, many of these are cost centers - research, open source languages, frameworks and IDEs, browsers etc. Competition doesn't work the same way in that space.
The one that's obviously missing from your list and probably has the highest barrier for entry is cloud - very tough market, a few established players, huge upfront cost, lots of expertise required to do well and lots of potential downside if you don't do it well.
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Not really - you'll need most of them if you want to imitate the big tech companies but you can compete in only 1 category, or in a small number of categories. You don't need all of them.
Also, many of these are cost centers - research, open source languages, frameworks and IDEs, browsers etc. Competition doesn't work the same way in that space.
The one that's obviously missing from your list and probably has the highest barrier for entry is cloud - very tough market, a few established players, huge upfront cost, lots of expertise required to do well and lots of potential downside if you don't do it well.