I do the following:

* Do an effort to be aware of being distracted, and wake myself up.

* Record meetings, easier now that I'm remote. Write down key words. Play back the conversation and make sense of notes.

* Ask questions early of what I didn't get, but take a while to think about them or research, so I won't throw a lot of stupid questions.

Optional: Get a girlfriend, they'll push you into the real world.