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Comment on “Proof-of-work” proves not to work for spam prevention (2004) [pdf]parent

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They do use energy, but it's very small compared to other economic activity.

For example, suppose Bitcoin consumed as much energy as a few households. Would that be acceptable?

Alternatives aren't quite that efficient, but my point is that the relative energy consumption matters a lot.

suppose Bitcoin consumed as much energy as a few households

That's not possible. The marginal cost of mining has to equal the value of the coins mined.

The cost can come from things that do not consume energy, for example fabricating a complex chip that includes rare materials.

And where do you think those rare materials come from?

So, proof-of-gold?

For example, suppose Bitcoin consumed as much energy as a few households. Would that be acceptable?

But in this scenario, Bitcoin would consume rising amounts of some other resource, say SSDs or network capacity.

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