As someone who has put a considerable amount of resources moving things into cloud computing - I wanted to believe. But I have changed my mind.
Cloud computing scales the efficiencies, yes. It also scales the problems. And because of this, AWS is by several orders of magnitude the worst of my current hosts.
I have dedicated servers. No downtime in past year. I have a couple of cloud servers with rackspace. No downtime (although i don't recommend them). I have some VPSes with local providers. No downtime.
AWS? More than 24hrs downtime in the last year. Seriously, for someone trying to run web sites reliably - screw that. I'm not using AWS any more.
And don't even get me started on the apologists. "EBS slow as treacle? Well you should have been running a multi zone raid-20 redundant array! Duh!". "EC2 instances dying at random? Well you should architect and implement a multi-master failover intelligent grid!"
I used to be under some kind of crazy delusional spell that the above was correct and it was somehow my fault that I wasn't correctly adapting to AWS's numerous failings. Well, no more. Now I realise that I should just stick with the super reliable service I know and love from traditional operators. You need to programmatically grow and shrink your app server flock? Great, use AWS. For the other 99.999% of us - stick with what you were using before.
A few years back I had moved the majority of my sites onto Amazon's web services, using more and more of them as they were released. W3Counter.com was, just a year ago, using multiple EC2 instances of various sizes, Elastic Load Balancers, Amazon RDS instances with Multi-AZ failover, RAID arrays of EBS disks... and during those years, its reliability and performance degraded significantly compared to when it was run on physical servers. I was hit by the big Virginia outage as well.
Two months ago, I took the time to rearchitect everything and move every site back to various dedicated servers at SoftLayer. I feel like I'm in control again... no more worrying about things like the network latency of my hard disks. Despite prepaying significantly for reserved instances on both EC2 and RDS, the costs of dedicated hardware are still significantly less, too.
It was painful to waste thousands of dollars in reserved resources I'll now never use, but you know what they say about sunk costs.
I'm the same. I fully embraced S3 and EC2 when they came out (even played with SQS) and enthusiastically told everyone I could that this was the future, it's the new electricity, etc.
While I still think that eventually it will end up as a utility I'm opting out of the cloud for anything production for the time being. I'll keep an eye on it of course. Does anyone know if Heroku has spread their services across HA zones?
I'll be keeping my Linodes though. They've been great.
I think you nailed it.
To each his own, and a good infrastructure probably is a mix of cloud, virtual, physical servers.
I currently have a similar setup as yours (but I suspect mine is smaller, about 40 machines total), but my main concern is with my primary DC which seems to periodically loose utility power, loose A/C, cut all fibers at once, etc....
I distinctly remember the Amazon status page (which unfortunately seems to have very little history) claiming that two availability zones were affected during that outage: one was fixed within two hours, and the other remained offline for over a day (and if you were as unlucky as me, was not fully recovered for multiple days, not just 30 hours).
Regardless, you have missed the point of this thread: I have a bunch of servers on standard non-cloud providers (like 1&1), and I have seriously had /one/ outage in the last EIGHT YEARS. In that case, a hard drive (just mine in one server, not half of the known Internet's) failed, was replaced, and my server was back up in a few hours.
Actually some of the issues extended to the entire East region. In particular, for quite some time I couldn't create a new instance in any East zone. At all.
True, but "can't instantaneously spin up a new instance" just means that for a few hours the US-East EC2 region was providing the same amount of flexibility as dedicated servers.
The cheapest zone, yes, so presumably the most popular. And who doesn't use EBS?
You sound like you think I'm being unfair. Why? Plenty of sites were badly affected by that outage; it precipitated a lot of self-examination at some companies I know of. I don't think I am overstating the issues here.
You mean availability zone. Well I guess me, Reddit, Foursquare, and plenty of other sites just got lucky in the bad availability zone.
Ah yes, here's the classic AWS apologist pattern in full effect. You don't use EBS! Of course you don't, you would have to be some kind of friggin' idiot to use EBS. So what do you use for, say, MongoDB data files, that is different from morons like me who stupidly assumed they could/should use EBS?
We use EBS, and had machines in the availability zone that went down that were affected. Those machines were out for longer than a day, but we were back up within an hour because we had redundancies built in across other availability zones.
If you're doing anything that matters, you can't rely on a single zone/machine/whatever, no matter who your hosting provider is.
Just a higher level of abstraction. Many people don't want to care about what zone they're running in, or really anything about the machine (or even virtual machine) they're running on; they just want to run their apps "somewhere" that persists through hardware problems. Maintaining such a thing isn't Amazon's charter, though; it's more the job of a cloud application hosting provider, like Heroku (who I'm surprised isn't multi-homing their apps on several clouds by now for just this reason.)
"An EC2 instance may be launched with a choice of two types of storage for its boot disk or "root device". The first option is a local "instance-store" disk as a root device (originally the only choice). The second option is to use an EBS volume as a root device.
Instance-store volumes are temporary storage, which survive rebooting an EC2 instance, but when the instance is terminated (e.g., by an API call, or due to a failure), this store is lost." (Emphasis mine)
Most choose the EBS type of instance now, because having the OS on a persistent storage device is more convenient for typical server scenarios (as you might imagine).
The only scenario I can see that would require hitting an EBS store often enough to matter would be if you put your database on it. Obviously your OS kernel is going to be in resident memory, so your argument is somewhat of a strawman.
Rackspace support has plummeted horribly from a few years ago. They still charge a huge premium, and act like prima donnas, but they are just not worth it.
I didn't mention softlayer because I did not want to look like a stooge but yeah, that is who I use these days. Decent prices, reasonable support, you would have to give me a reason not to go with them for a new deploy.
I also love softlayer; they have a variety of datacenters now (including san jose), great pricing (except for RAM, but you can negotiate that), and their service, while a lot smaller team than rackspace, is still very good.
Their cloud product isn't as good as Rackspace and nowhere near as good as EC2, but maybe that will improve. I still like rackspace too; I wouldn't switch from one to the other, but I would definitely evaluate both whenever making a decision about hosting for a new project.
"As part of our efforts to continually improve our Rackspace Cloud offerings, we will be performing maintenance on our Cloud Servers environment. The maintenance window has been rescheduled and will now occur on Friday November 12th, 2010 from 10:00 pm US-CDT (3:00 am GMT) and end Saturday November 13th, 2010 at 10:00am US-CDT (3:00 pm GMT). This maintenance is required to update our billing systems. These changes will not affect nor change any of your current billing fees."
Ok, scheduled down-time is better than unscheduled down-time, but it's still down-time.
Hm. Well, I don't like them. It's subjective, you might disagree. But off the top of my head:
1. Contracts. They want 1 years minimum contracts for any dedicated servers. For truly gargantuan orders I could understand this but for one puny server? Never.
2. Their definition of "cloud" is different from mine. To use their "cloud" services your servers need to be public facing, ie on public IPs. Want them on your own VPN? You can stil get the cloud prices but not the API. you create and cancel servers via tickets. This is different from VPS how?
3. Sloooow provisioning - even if you are able to use their "public cloud" API to provision a server - prepare to wait hours for it to be done, leading me to suspect it does nothing more than email a tech to provision a VPS and hook it up somehow. Oh, you can't pause them to save money either, again making me think these "cloud" servers are nothing more than slicehosts with an extra layer of abstraction
re 3) I'm not sure specifically what happened in your case, but generally servers are provisioned and online in the public cloud within a few minutes -- If I had to guess, its possible the huddle you were in had some kind of capacity issue or other fault that prevented immediate provisioning. If you ever boot a server and its not online in <5 minutes, I'd go straight to support chat, and they generally can tell you what is going on.
It sounds like you're not a fan of Rackspace (and that's fine) but you can't honestly believe that an API sends an email to a tech. That's just completely false statement that no one in there right mind should believe.
Comments
As someone who has put a considerable amount of resources moving things into cloud computing - I wanted to believe. But I have changed my mind.
Cloud computing scales the efficiencies, yes. It also scales the problems. And because of this, AWS is by several orders of magnitude the worst of my current hosts.
I have dedicated servers. No downtime in past year. I have a couple of cloud servers with rackspace. No downtime (although i don't recommend them). I have some VPSes with local providers. No downtime.
AWS? More than 24hrs downtime in the last year. Seriously, for someone trying to run web sites reliably - screw that. I'm not using AWS any more.
And don't even get me started on the apologists. "EBS slow as treacle? Well you should have been running a multi zone raid-20 redundant array! Duh!". "EC2 instances dying at random? Well you should architect and implement a multi-master failover intelligent grid!"
I used to be under some kind of crazy delusional spell that the above was correct and it was somehow my fault that I wasn't correctly adapting to AWS's numerous failings. Well, no more. Now I realise that I should just stick with the super reliable service I know and love from traditional operators. You need to programmatically grow and shrink your app server flock? Great, use AWS. For the other 99.999% of us - stick with what you were using before.
Same story.
A few years back I had moved the majority of my sites onto Amazon's web services, using more and more of them as they were released. W3Counter.com was, just a year ago, using multiple EC2 instances of various sizes, Elastic Load Balancers, Amazon RDS instances with Multi-AZ failover, RAID arrays of EBS disks... and during those years, its reliability and performance degraded significantly compared to when it was run on physical servers. I was hit by the big Virginia outage as well.
Two months ago, I took the time to rearchitect everything and move every site back to various dedicated servers at SoftLayer. I feel like I'm in control again... no more worrying about things like the network latency of my hard disks. Despite prepaying significantly for reserved instances on both EC2 and RDS, the costs of dedicated hardware are still significantly less, too.
It was painful to waste thousands of dollars in reserved resources I'll now never use, but you know what they say about sunk costs.
I'm the same. I fully embraced S3 and EC2 when they came out (even played with SQS) and enthusiastically told everyone I could that this was the future, it's the new electricity, etc.
While I still think that eventually it will end up as a utility I'm opting out of the cloud for anything production for the time being. I'll keep an eye on it of course. Does anyone know if Heroku has spread their services across HA zones?
I'll be keeping my Linodes though. They've been great.
Good to know, thanks. I'll have to check into that for one of my projects.
I think you nailed it. To each his own, and a good infrastructure probably is a mix of cloud, virtual, physical servers. I currently have a similar setup as yours (but I suspect mine is smaller, about 40 machines total), but my main concern is with my primary DC which seems to periodically loose utility power, loose A/C, cut all fibers at once, etc....
AWS? More than 24hrs downtime in the last year.
You must have incredible luck. Sure, AWS has a lot of outages; but most of them only affect a small proportion of their users.
Huh? North Virginia was down for something like 30 hours in April. I had some instances in there. Hardly "incredible luck". And it was not just me: http://www.google.com.au/search?q=AWS+Virginia+outage
One zone in US-East had a significant outage in April; and only instances using EBS were affected.
I distinctly remember the Amazon status page (which unfortunately seems to have very little history) claiming that two availability zones were affected during that outage: one was fixed within two hours, and the other remained offline for over a day (and if you were as unlucky as me, was not fully recovered for multiple days, not just 30 hours).
Regardless, you have missed the point of this thread: I have a bunch of servers on standard non-cloud providers (like 1&1), and I have seriously had /one/ outage in the last EIGHT YEARS. In that case, a hard drive (just mine in one server, not half of the known Internet's) failed, was replaced, and my server was back up in a few hours.
Actually some of the issues extended to the entire East region. In particular, for quite some time I couldn't create a new instance in any East zone. At all.
True, but "can't instantaneously spin up a new instance" just means that for a few hours the US-East EC2 region was providing the same amount of flexibility as dedicated servers.
The cheapest zone, yes, so presumably the most popular. And who doesn't use EBS?
You sound like you think I'm being unfair. Why? Plenty of sites were badly affected by that outage; it precipitated a lot of self-examination at some companies I know of. I don't think I am overstating the issues here.
The four zones in US-East have exactly the same prices.
And I don't use EBS.
You mean availability zone. Well I guess me, Reddit, Foursquare, and plenty of other sites just got lucky in the bad availability zone.
Ah yes, here's the classic AWS apologist pattern in full effect. You don't use EBS! Of course you don't, you would have to be some kind of friggin' idiot to use EBS. So what do you use for, say, MongoDB data files, that is different from morons like me who stupidly assumed they could/should use EBS?
We use EBS, and had machines in the availability zone that went down that were affected. Those machines were out for longer than a day, but we were back up within an hour because we had redundancies built in across other availability zones.
If you're doing anything that matters, you can't rely on a single zone/machine/whatever, no matter who your hosting provider is.
So you're saying we need a cloud of clouds?
Just a higher level of abstraction. Many people don't want to care about what zone they're running in, or really anything about the machine (or even virtual machine) they're running on; they just want to run their apps "somewhere" that persists through hardware problems. Maintaining such a thing isn't Amazon's charter, though; it's more the job of a cloud application hosting provider, like Heroku (who I'm surprised isn't multi-homing their apps on several clouds by now for just this reason.)
Sounds like a certain exotic financial instrument...
Only fools would want a persistent filesystem for their OS! </sarcasm>
How is S3 not persistent...
Notice I said for the OS. From Wikipedia:
"An EC2 instance may be launched with a choice of two types of storage for its boot disk or "root device". The first option is a local "instance-store" disk as a root device (originally the only choice). The second option is to use an EBS volume as a root device.
Instance-store volumes are temporary storage, which survive rebooting an EC2 instance, but when the instance is terminated (e.g., by an API call, or due to a failure), this store is lost." (Emphasis mine)
Most choose the EBS type of instance now, because having the OS on a persistent storage device is more convenient for typical server scenarios (as you might imagine).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud#Pe...
The only scenario I can see that would require hitting an EBS store often enough to matter would be if you put your database on it. Obviously your OS kernel is going to be in resident memory, so your argument is somewhat of a strawman.
It's the root device that's on EBS. On most AMIs with EBS root that's the entire OS i.e., /etc, /dev, /bin, /usr, etc. and not just the OS kernel.
And for the things that matter (i.e., not fake mount points) that will all mostly live in resident memory.
... and your point is?
S3?
How would you run your database off a file storage service?
I believe Amazon SimpleDB is proxied over S3 storage systems.
SimpleDB latency is bad, but not that bad.
I doubt you'll be able to do much better with another scalable storage system (that's freely available).
Is there any reason in particular why you wouldn't recommend Rackspace?
For what its worth, I found Rackspace's support to not be worth the extremely high cost. Softlayer is just as good.
Rackspace support has plummeted horribly from a few years ago. They still charge a huge premium, and act like prima donnas, but they are just not worth it.
I didn't mention softlayer because I did not want to look like a stooge but yeah, that is who I use these days. Decent prices, reasonable support, you would have to give me a reason not to go with them for a new deploy.
I also love softlayer; they have a variety of datacenters now (including san jose), great pricing (except for RAM, but you can negotiate that), and their service, while a lot smaller team than rackspace, is still very good.
Their cloud product isn't as good as Rackspace and nowhere near as good as EC2, but maybe that will improve. I still like rackspace too; I wouldn't switch from one to the other, but I would definitely evaluate both whenever making a decision about hosting for a new project.
"As part of our efforts to continually improve our Rackspace Cloud offerings, we will be performing maintenance on our Cloud Servers environment. The maintenance window has been rescheduled and will now occur on Friday November 12th, 2010 from 10:00 pm US-CDT (3:00 am GMT) and end Saturday November 13th, 2010 at 10:00am US-CDT (3:00 pm GMT). This maintenance is required to update our billing systems. These changes will not affect nor change any of your current billing fees."
Ok, scheduled down-time is better than unscheduled down-time, but it's still down-time.
Hm. Well, I don't like them. It's subjective, you might disagree. But off the top of my head:
1. Contracts. They want 1 years minimum contracts for any dedicated servers. For truly gargantuan orders I could understand this but for one puny server? Never.
2. Their definition of "cloud" is different from mine. To use their "cloud" services your servers need to be public facing, ie on public IPs. Want them on your own VPN? You can stil get the cloud prices but not the API. you create and cancel servers via tickets. This is different from VPS how?
3. Sloooow provisioning - even if you are able to use their "public cloud" API to provision a server - prepare to wait hours for it to be done, leading me to suspect it does nothing more than email a tech to provision a VPS and hook it up somehow. Oh, you can't pause them to save money either, again making me think these "cloud" servers are nothing more than slicehosts with an extra layer of abstraction
Is that enough? I could go on.
(disclaimer, I work at Rackspace via the Cloudkick acquisition)
re: 2) There is a product called RackConnect, which can bridge the public cloud which has API based provisioning, and physical servers: http://www.rackspace.com/hosting_solutions/hybrid_hosting/
re 3) I'm not sure specifically what happened in your case, but generally servers are provisioned and online in the public cloud within a few minutes -- If I had to guess, its possible the huddle you were in had some kind of capacity issue or other fault that prevented immediate provisioning. If you ever boot a server and its not online in <5 minutes, I'd go straight to support chat, and they generally can tell you what is going on.
It sounds like you're not a fan of Rackspace (and that's fine) but you can't honestly believe that an API sends an email to a tech. That's just completely false statement that no one in there right mind should believe.
I came up with that theory because I couldn't think of anything else that explained my 2 hour waits to get a new instance. Not the other way round.