many otherwise nice countries still apply conscription

It may be the case that it is a necessary condition for remaining a nice country. At least if their neighbors aren't always so nice.

Most civilized countries with universal conscription allow you to do unarmed service (military support tasks) or civil service. In addition there's usually plenty of wiggle room to avoid the conscription altogether: health reasons (or excuses), being a member of certain religions, delaying/avoiding/hiding, or just plain refusing.