Part of the problem stems from the calling semantics of the language, namely when the operation hangs off of an object. Broadly speaking, functional languages avoid that manifestation.
The other part of the problem stems from handling nils when one is given them, either as the result of an operation, or the arguments to one. Either way, this necessarily needs to be a context-specific decision.
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Part of the problem stems from the calling semantics of the language, namely when the operation hangs off of an object. Broadly speaking, functional languages avoid that manifestation.
The other part of the problem stems from handling nils when one is given them, either as the result of an operation, or the arguments to one. Either way, this necessarily needs to be a context-specific decision.