Upon receipt of a POST request containing the source and target parameters, the receiver SHOULD verify the parameters (see Request Verification below) and then SHOULD queue and process the request asynchronously, to prevent DoS attacks.
Even if done asynchronously, if the link is not present the moment you send the WebMention, it can still happen between sending it and deploying it. But you're right, if the two are close together and a receiver is actually processing them asynchronously, it'll likely go well.
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To be fair [emphasis mine]
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/REC-webmention-20170112/
Though, probably, this won't happen in practice. So better to be careful.
Even if done asynchronously, if the link is not present the moment you send the WebMention, it can still happen between sending it and deploying it. But you're right, if the two are close together and a receiver is actually processing them asynchronously, it'll likely go well.