In publicly announced numbers, China has larger GDP by purchasing power parity. (I'm not sure if that's equivalent to your currency manipulation interpretation.)
yes, ppp gdp was largely on par a decade ago too. apparently that's not as worrying to american politicians and policymakers as nominal gdp, as it's nominal gdp being manipulated for appearances (besides monetary policy, the government apparently has enough tentacles into industry and regional accounting to do so).
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In publicly announced numbers, China has larger GDP by purchasing power parity. (I'm not sure if that's equivalent to your currency manipulation interpretation.)
yes, ppp gdp was largely on par a decade ago too. apparently that's not as worrying to american politicians and policymakers as nominal gdp, as it's nominal gdp being manipulated for appearances (besides monetary policy, the government apparently has enough tentacles into industry and regional accounting to do so).