I don't have any estimates for coal handy, but here are some other numbers for reference:
Syncrude says their tar sand surface mining operations (the most extensive form of oil mining in wide practice) kill 2.5 birds/PJ.
For wind power, estimates of annual bird deaths for the U.S. circa 2013 include 234,000[1], 440,000[2], and 573,000 (including 83,000 raptors and not including 888,000 bats)[3]. EIA says wind made 507 PJ in 2012[4]. So it's something like 800/PJ.
For the U.S., a 2014 meta-analysis[5] gives 600 million[6] fatal collisions with buildings each year. A 2013 study says, "free-ranging domestic cats kill 1.3–4.0 billion birds and 6.3–22.3 billion mammals annually".[7]
Ivanpah made 74 MW of solar electricity in 2015 (644,506 MWh, according to EIA). So 2600/PJ.
Comments
I don't have any estimates for coal handy, but here are some other numbers for reference:
Syncrude says their tar sand surface mining operations (the most extensive form of oil mining in wide practice) kill 2.5 birds/PJ.
For wind power, estimates of annual bird deaths for the U.S. circa 2013 include 234,000[1], 440,000[2], and 573,000 (including 83,000 raptors and not including 888,000 bats)[3]. EIA says wind made 507 PJ in 2012[4]. So it's something like 800/PJ.
For the U.S., a 2014 meta-analysis[5] gives 600 million[6] fatal collisions with buildings each year. A 2013 study says, "free-ranging domestic cats kill 1.3–4.0 billion birds and 6.3–22.3 billion mammals annually".[7]
Ivanpah made 74 MW of solar electricity in 2015 (644,506 MWh, according to EIA). So 2600/PJ.
[1] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.007
[2] http://1.usa.gov/IhyaHv p.188
[3] http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.260
[4] http://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_03_01_b.html
[5] http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1
[6] They give a range from 365-988 and a median of 599. Gotta love that kind of precision!
[7] http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2380
That seems way too low. I feel like I've read about huge bird kills from migratory birds landing in the containment ponds.
It may be. Oil has a really high energy density though.
Overall, surface mining of tar sands has to be one of the worst ways to get energy (in situ extraction techniques like SAGD do somewhat better).
That's true. I hadn't considered energy density.