I just read "The Refragmentation" (I hadn't read it previously), and I had read the original essay on economic inequality previously.

Neither of these essays seems to discuss the good of startups in relation to economic inequality. All they discuss is the inevitability of startups, or really technology, increasing economic inequality. And "The Refragmentation" explicitly points out that a society can put a stop to this via high taxes.

(That said, it is late and maybe I didn't fully understand a sentence somewhere.)